The permanent exhibit includes representative objects from all the archaeological regions and time periods in Pre-Columbian Guatemala. The exhibition is organized in chronological sequence, from the earliest traces of human presence in the modern territory of Guatemala, until the Spanish conquest. Three major geographic regions may be distinguished in the study of the ancient peoples of Guatemala:

Three major geographic regions may be distinguished in the study of the ancient peoples of Guatemala:

• The Pacific Coast: This wide and fertile plain descends gradually from the volcanic chain to the Pacific Ocean. In the past, it was an important route for trade and migrations.
• The Highlands: A mountainous region, rich in mineral resources such as obsidian and jade. Multiple valleys surrounded by mountain chains provided a stage for a variety of cultural developments. It may be subdivided in several regions: Central, Western, Eastern and Northern Highlands.
• The Lowlands: An extensive limestone plateau with small elevations, characterized by its thin soils and lack of permanent water sources in many regions. This was the stage for the development of Lowland Maya civilization.