The Popol Vuh Museum presents an outstanding sample of pre-Columbian ceramic objects that illustrate iconographic subjects related to the myths of the Popol Vuh. The centerpiece of this exhibition is the "vase of the stars", which shows a series of mythical figures identified as celestial bodies. The scene may be interpreted as a version of the myth of Zipacna, the earth crocodile, who according to the Popol Vuh, was defeated by the Hero Twins, Hunahpu and Xbalanque. To further illustrate the subjects of the vase of the stars, this exhibition presents a selection of objects related with the Hero Twins and the Maize God.

A key passage in the mythical cycle of the Hero Twins is their participation in the rebirth of the Maize God. The myth involves the death of the Maize God, his journey through a body of water to the abode of the death gods, or rain gods in some versions, and his eventual rebirth. Several scenes of this myth appear on the "vase of the paddlers", a masterpiece of Classic Maya painting. Other objects on exhibit present the Maize God emerging from a split turtle carapace or skull, sometimes assisted by the Hero Twins.

This exhibit presents arguments on the possible presence of the Hero Twins on Classic pottery from the Pacific coast of Guatemala, in the role of deer hunters. The sample concludes with the subject of the Jaguar God, an important mythical being in Classic Maya religion, who plays a critical role in the scene of the vase of the stars.